HERE is Constitutional and parliament history of Pakistan | Pakistan constitution and parliament detail
The constitutional and parliament history of Pakistan:
Constitution history:
After Pakistan was founded, three constitutions were promulgated in 1956, 1962, and 1973.
In 1977, Zia-ul- Haque implemented military law control and partially suspended the implementation of the constitution. The Eighth Amendment to the Constitution was passed in 1985, granting the President the power to dissolve the National Assembly and the Federal Cabinet, and to appoint and dismiss military leaders and judges.
The 12th Amendment to the Constitution passed in July 1991 provides that the federal government has the right to establish special courts and appeal courts to combat crime and rectify public order.
In April 1997, the Sharif the government passed the 13th Amendment to the Constitution in Parliament, abolishing the power of the President to dissolve the National Assembly and the Federal Cabinet, and will dissolve the Provincial Assembly and the Provincial Cabinet, the appointment and dismissal of the Provincial Governor, the Chief of Staff and the Chairman of the Joint Council, and the Supreme The powers of the judges of the court are returned to the prime minister.
Subsequently, the Pakistani Parliament passed the "Anti-Job-hopping Law", the 14th amendment to the constitution aimed at prohibiting members from rebelling against the party.
In 1999, Musharraf issued Interim Constitutional Decree No. 1 after taking office, announcing the suspension of the implementation of the Constitution.
In August 2002, Musharraf promulgated the "Legal Framework Order (LFO)", announcing the restoration of 1973 Constitution and the Eighth Amendment to the Huck Era Constitution, stipulating that the president has the power to dissolve the National Assembly, appoint the chairman of the Joint Council and the chief of staff of the armed forces.
In December 2003, the Pakistani Parliament passed the 17th Amendment to the Constitution, stipulating that the President has the right to dissolve the Parliament after being approved by the Supreme Court, and to appoint and remove leaders of the armed forces after consultation with the Prime Minister.
In April 2010, the Pakistani Parliament passed the 18th Amendment to the Constitution, agreeing to abolish the 17th Amendment to the Constitution promulgated by former President Musharraf, abolishing the president's privilege to dissolve the parliament, and announcing the lifting of the ban on the prime minister from serving for three terms. On April 19, Pakistani President Zardari officially signed this constitutional amendment and many of the president’s powers will be transferred to the prime minister and parliament.
On December 22, 2010, the Pakistani Parliament unanimously passed the 19th Amendment to the Constitution, giving the Prime Minister certain decision-making powers to appoint judges of the High Court and Supreme Court, and the president will finally, approve the decision.
On February 20, 2012, the Pakistani Parliament passed the 20th Amendment to the Constitution, abolishing the power of the president to appoint the prime minister of the caretaker government, and the prime minister and opposition party leaders negotiated and decided instead. The amendment also includes content such as extending the term of the election committee.
In January 2015, the National Assembly and the Senate respectively passed the 21st Amendment to the Constitution, establishing a two-year military court to quickly hear cases of terrorism and endangering national security.
In June 2016, the 22nd amendment was passed, adjusting the qualifications of the members of the Election Committee.
In January 2017, the National Assembly and Senate passed the 23rd Amendment, restoring the military court established by the 21st Amendment and extending it for two years.
Parliament history:
The Parliament of Pakistan is the federal legislative body of Pakistan. Pakistan has long implemented a unicameral system after its founding in 1947. After the promulgation of 1973 Constitution, a bicameral system was implemented, namely the National Assembly (lower house) and the Senate (upper house). The National Assembly is elected by universal suffrage, and the Senate is elected by the Provincial Assembly and the National Assembly in accordance with the principle of equal seats in each province.
The National Assembly has a total of 342 seats, of which 272 are universally elected seats, which are directly elected by voters and adopt a simple majority principle. 60 seats are reserved for women, and 10 are reserved for non-Muslims, which are distributed by the political parties in proportion to the votes they receive in universal suffrage. The National Assembly has a speaker and a deputy speaker, and the term of office is five years. The Senate has 100 seats, and the term of office is six years. Half of the members are re-elected every three years. Set up one chairman and one vice chairman each for a term of 3 years.
Pakistan's constitution stipulates that members of parliament must not have dual citizenship.
On March 3, 2018, Pakistan held re-election for the Senate. On March 12, Sadik Sangirani, an independent candidate from Balochistan, was elected chairman of the Senate.
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